Application of Photocured Polymer Ion Selective Membranes for Solid-State Chemical Sensors

Application of conducting polymers with additional functional groups for a solid contact formation and photocurable membranes as sensitive elements of solid-state chemical sensors is discussed. Problems associated with application of UV-curable polymers for sensors are analyzed. A method of sensor fabrication using copolymerized conductive layer and sensitive membrane is presented and the proof of concept is confirmed by two examples of solid-contact electrodes for Ca ions and pH.Authors acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects IPT-2011-1055-900000 and CTQ2011-29163-C03-02).We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer reviewe

Speech Behavior and Multimodality in Online Communication among Teenagers

The article presents an analysis of online interactions among teenagers. The development of online communication is an important factor in the process of formation and reproduction of new social ties and relationships. Continuous online communication is becoming an important feature of everyday life. Online communication affects communication in general, developing its new requirements and standards. The polymetodic research consists of a questionnaire survey method and a content analysis method. The questionnaire was conducted among 50 teenagers aged 13-15, studying in schools of Ekaterinburg and regularly using the Internet to communicate with peers. A content analysis of online dialogs (n = 40) presented by the survey participants was also conducted. The research data proclaims social networks to be the most efficient tool of communication among modern teenagers. The most popular one is Vkontakte, which is used to chat and learn modern vocabulary. The daily routine, including the learning process, is the main topic of communication. Teenagers hardly change their speech behavior, since online and offline communication occurs mainly in the same reference groups. Teenagers also use audio-visual materials, emojis, stickers, etc., to complete their messages and express their emotional state. Keywords: online communication, teenagers, speech behavior, multimodalit

Impedimetric Sensors for Bacteria Detection

The application of electrochemical biosensors based on impedance detection has grown during the past years due to their high sensitivity and rapid response, making this technique extremely useful to detect biological interactions with biosensor platforms. This chapter is focused on the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for bacterial detection in two ways. On one hand, bacteria presence may be determined by the detection of metabolites produced by bacterial growth involving the media conductivity changes. On the other hand, faster and more selective bacterial detection may be achieved by the immobilization of bacteria on a sensor surface using biorecognition elements (antibodies, antimicrobial peptides, aptamers, etc.) and registering changes produced in the charge transfer resistance (faradic process) or interfacial impedance (nonfaradic process). Here we discuss different types of impedimetric biosensors for microbiological applications, making stress on their most important parameters, such as detection limits, detection times, selectivity, and sensitivity. The aim of the paper was to give a critical review of recent publications in the field and mark the future trends

Impedimetric antimicrobial peptide-based sensor for the early detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria

Peri-implantitis, an inflammation caused by biofilm formation, constitutes a major cause of implant failure in dentistry. Thus, the detection of bacteria at the early steps of biofilm growth represents a powerful strategy to prevent implant-related infections. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be used as effective biological recognition elements to selectively detect the presence of bacteria. Thus, the aim of the present study was to combine the use of miniaturized and integrated impedimetric transducers and AMPs to obtain biosensors with high sensitivity to monitor bacterial colonization. Streptococcus sanguinis, which is one of the most prevalent strains in the onset of periodontal diseases, was used as a model of oral bacteria. To this end, a potent AMP derived from human lactoferrin was synthesized and covalently immobilized on interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to optimize and characterize the method of immobilization. Noteworthy, the interaction of Streptococcus sanguinis with AMP-coated sensors provoked significant changes in the impedance spectra, which were univocally associated with the presence of bacteria, proving the feasibility of our method. In this regard, the developed biosensor permits to detect the presence of bacteria at concentrations starting from 101 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1 in KCl and from 102 CFU mL-1 in artificial saliva. Moreover, the system was devoid of cytotoxicity for human fibroblasts. These results indicate that the proposed approach can be effective in the detection of initial stages of biofilm formation, and may be useful in the early prevention and treatment of peri-implantitisPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Digital fears experienced by young people in the age of technoscience

With the advance of technoscience, digital technologies have started to reshape the traditional array of social fears experienced by younger generations by triggering the appearance of new, digital fears. In this article, we undertake a sociological analysis to investigate the concept of digital fears both theoretically and empirically. Our survey conducted among Russian young people aged 18-30 in 2020 (N = 1050, Sverdlovsk region, Russian Federation) showed that fear is a distinctive characteristic of the social well-being of this generation. Moreover, fear tends to become more pronounced both quantitatively (i.e., the frequency of emergence) and qualitatively (i.e. the emergence of new types). The identified digital fears of young people allowed us to draw their typology. Depending on the specifics of digital threat, the following types were distinguished: those associated with impact and control, crime and security, communication and activity, technology and innovation, and social inequality. We show that the expanding range of social fears leads to the formation of catastrophic thinking in young people, thereby affecting the level of social well-being and distorting the image of the future

Повышение уровня готовности преподавателей к педагогическому проектированию

In the situation of pedagogical theory focus on a new personality-oriented and competence paradigm of education and upbringing, it becomes necessary to develop design activities of all subjects of educational process in a preschool educational institution. The relevance of the study is due to insufficient development of pedagogical design processes in a preschool educational institution. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to improve pedagogical design process in a preschool educational institution to increase the level of teachers' readiness for pedagogical activity.Pedagogical design in preschool educational institutions is very important due to the following socio-economic, psychological and pedagogical requirements: the development of market relations; development of design taking into account innovative processes in education; need for social protection of a person, preparing him for life in future. The authors developed a model of pedagogical design that ensures unity of administrative, pedagogical, educational activities of the subjects of educational process, thereby improving the level of management activities organization, personal and professional development of teachers and pupils. The treated results will contribute to further improvement of pedagogical design.En la situación de la teoría pedagógica centrada en un nuevo paradigma de educación y educación orientado a la personalidad y competencia, se hace necesario desarrollar actividades de diseño de todas las materias del proceso educativo en una institución educativa preescolar. La relevancia del estudio se debe al desarrollo insuficiente de los procesos de diseño pedagógico en una institución educativa preescolar. Por lo tanto, el propósito del artículo es mejorar el proceso de diseño pedagógico en una institución educativa preescolar para aumentar el nivel de preparación de los docentes para la actividad pedagógica. El diseño pedagógico en las instituciones educativas preescolares es muy importante debido a los siguientes aspectos socioeconómicos, psicológicos y pedagógicos. requisitos: el desarrollo de las relaciones de mercado; desarrollo de diseño teniendo en cuenta procesos innovadores en educación; necesidad de protección social de una persona, preparándolo para la vida en el futuro. Los autores desarrollaron un modelo de diseño pedagógico que garantiza la unidad de las actividades administrativas, pedagógicas y educativas de los sujetos del proceso educativo, mejorando así el nivel de organización de las actividades de gestión, el desarrollo personal y profesional de los docentes y alumnos. Los resultados tratados contribuirán a una mayor mejora del diseño pedagógico.В ситуации, когда педагогическая теория ориентируется на новую личностно-ориентированную и компетентностную парадигму обучения и воспитания, возникает необходимость в разработке проектных мероприятий всех субъектов образовательного процесса в дошкольном образовательном учреждении. Актуальность исследования обусловлена недостаточной разработкой процессов педагогического проектирования в дошкольном образовательном учреждении. Поэтому целью статьи является совершенствование процесса педагогического проектирования в дошкольном образовательном учреждении с целью повышения уровня готовности педагогов к педагогической деятельности. Педагогическое проектирование в дошкольных образовательных учреждениях очень важен в связи со следующими социально-экономическими, психолого-педагогическими требованиями: развитие рыночных отношений; разработка дизайна с учетом инновационных процессов в образовании; необходимость социальной защиты человека, подготовка его к жизни в будущем. Авторами разработана модель педагогического проектирования, обеспечивающая единство управленческой, педагогической, образовательной деятельности субъектов образовательного процесса, тем самым повышается уровень организации управленческой деятельности, личностного и профессионального развития учителей и учеников. Выявленные результаты будут способствовать дальнейшему совершенствованию педагогического проектирования

New Cases of Scalping from the Burial Grounds of the Pre-Caucasus and the North Caucasus in the Early Iron Age

Several skulls dated to the Early Iron Age discovered in various burial grounds located in the Prikuban and North Caucasus regions are examined in the article. All the skulls are dated to the early Iron Age. The skulls exhibit distinctive signs of scalping. Two of the skulls originate from the Meotian burial ground found in the Starokorsunsky hillfort No. 2, situated near Krasnodar and spanning from the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD. One of the skulls was excavated from an ancient rural settlement dating to the 2nd centuries BC near the village of Starotitarovskaya in the Krasnodar region. Finally, the remaining skull was unearthed at the Gaston Uota site in Digor Gorge, North Ossetia. This site, concerning the Kobani culture, is dated between the 7th century BC and the 1st half of 4th century BC. The article presents four new instances of scalping originating from Southern Russia. All of the skulls belonged to adult males, and two of them exhibited injuries that appear to have occurred shortly before death. Among the skulls found at the Gaston-Uota burial ground and the settlement near Starotitarovskaya, scalping was executed in the conventional manner, entailing full-scale incisions over the entire hair-covered area. On the other hand, victims buried at the Starokorsunsky hillfort No. 2 displayed evidence of partial scalping, where only the top portion of the cranium vault was scalped, resulting in a limited area of scalp removal. This discrepancy in scalping techniques may reflect distinct cultural traditions associated with this ritualistic practice

Making Human Neurons from Stem Cells after Spinal Cord Injury

A new study by Yan and colleagues makes an important contribution to research on human spinal cord stem cells

Formation of Pedagogical University Students’ Readness for Undergraduate and Graduate Research

There are many research opportunities for prospective teachers in Ukrainian pedagogical universities to gain their first experience of organization and conducting research work with students of various age groups and educational levels, in scholarly and scientific societies of various forms. Within the framework of this approach, the pre-service teachers’ readiness for research work is an up-to-date issue that is in the focus of this paper. The study has been conducted in teacher training institutions of Central Ukraine with the experimental group consisting of 186 students and 22 teacher educators, and the control group numbering 192 students and 25 teacher educators who took part in scientific and scholarly societies and groups or were in charge of undergraduate or graduate research. A model of students’ engagement into active undergraduate and graduate research has been developed, incorporating the following integral parts: the objectives component (goals, tasks, approaches, and principles), the content-and-process component (stages, content, forms, methods, technologies, means), the process component (pedagogical conditions, forms, methods and means of teaching), and the results-and-evaluation component (parameters, levels, criteria, and indicators). A combination of empirical and theoretical research methods have been used to make the study conclusions more competent and authentic

МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ МОДУЛЯЦИЯ ПРОТИВООПУХОЛЕВОГО ЭФФЕКТА ЦИТОСТАТИКОВ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ И КЛИНИКЕ

In the experimental intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide for sarcoma 45 and peritumoral administration of the factors inhibiting the Krebs cycle (diphenhydramine and ATP) histological, ultrastructural and immunocytometric indicators characterizing the development of the involutive processes of the tumor and its regression were studied. Modeling of metabolic microenvironment on the background of systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with the stages T3-4N0-3M0 breast cancer led to an increase in antitumor effect. Assessment of tumor response was correlated with cytochemical indicators of the status of the key enzymes of the Krebs cycle (SDH, -GPDH) in lymphocytes of peritumoral area.При экспериментальной  внутрибрюшинной химиотерапии циклофосфаном саркомы 45 и перитуморальном введениифакторов, ингибирующих цикл Кребса (дифенгидрамин  и АТФ) изучены гистологические,  ультрастуктурные и иммуноцитометрические показатели, характеризующие  развитие  инволютивных процессов  опухоли и ее регрессии.  Моделирование метаболического микроокружения на фоне проведения системной неоадьювантной химиотерапии у больных раком молочной железы Т 3–4N0–3М0  привело к увеличению непосредственного противоопухолевого эффекта.  Оценка ответа опухоли коррелировала  с цитохимическими показателями  состояния ключевых ферментов  цикла Кребса (СДГ,  -ГФДГ) в лимфоцитах перитуморальной зоны